1. Đơn vị đo thời gian:
A unit of time or midst unit is any particular time interval, used as a standard way of measuring or expressing duration.
A. Thập kỉ/ Thế kỉ/ Thế kỉ:
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Thập kỷ/ Thâp niên:
First, we have the word DECADE: 十年. “Niên” means “year” (or “age”), decade means “10 years”. In Vietnamese, “decade” is used to “refer to a period of 10 years, usually counted from the time of speaking”.
For example:
-> In sentence: Cuộc chiến tranh giữa Mỹ và Việt Nam đã kéo dài hơn ba thập kỷ
(The war between U.S and Vietnam lasted more than three DECADES)
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Thế kỷ:
The synonymy “CENTURY” citadel is also present in the word “thế kỷ” (世紀). “Thế” is life, “kỷ” is a certain period of time. “CENTURY” is “a period of 100 years” (“century” implies: a lifetime)
Example:
-> In sentence: Vào thế kỷ 21, điện thoại cực kỳ thông dụng và cần thiết
(In the 21st CENTURY, the telephone is extremely common and necessary)
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Thiên niên kỷ:
There is a combination of three syllables that also has the element “niên” as thiên niên kỷ-
“MILLENNIUM” 千年紀), (“thiên”: 1,000, “niên”: year, “kỷ”: certain time) indicating “approximately” 1,000 years time”. It’s been a very long time (10 centuries after all).
Example:
-> In sentence: Nhân loại đã bước sang thiên niên kỷ thứ ba
(Humanity have entered the third MILLENNIUM)
B. Năm/Tháng/Tuần/Ngày:
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1 Năm = 12 tháng = 365 ngày
(1 year = 12 months = 365 days)
Example:
-> In sentence: Tết thường diễn ra vào THÁNG HAI hàng năm
(Lunar new year usually happens in February every year)
According to the Hebrew calendar and traditional calendars (including Christian calendars) CHỦ NHẬT – SUNDAY is the first day of the week. It is followed by:
THỨ HAI – Monday
THỨ BA – Tuesday
THỨ TƯ- Wednesday
THỨ NĂM – Thursday
THỨ SÁU – Friday
THỨ BẢY – Saturday
That’s the reason why, Vietnamese also use thứ hai , thứ ba, thứ tư, thứ năm,….for the second, the third, the forth, the fifth,…
However, nowadays according to international standard ISO 8601, Monday is the first day of the week ; A weekend consists of a Saturday and the Sunday that comes after it.
Chủ nhật (Sunday)
(Vietnamese Catholics call it Sunday, which means God’s Day) is the first day of the week. Sunday in some Western languages is named after the sun god (also known as the day of the Sun God “Sun”day).
Example:
-> In sentence: CHỦ NHẬT hàng tuần, Hùng và Mai đi picnic ở công viên
(Every sunday, Hung and Mai have a picnic at the park)
C. Ngày/ Giờ/ Phút/ giây
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Ngày (Day):
We can use “Ngày” for day of a month
For example:
Thứ sáu , NGÀY 12 tháng 7 năm 2019
Source: englishclub.com
Một ngày = 24 giờ (tiếng)
(1 Day = 24 hours )
Ban ngày (Day time):
Sáng (Morning – After Sunrise):
6 giờ sáng – 11 giờ sáng
Trưa:
11 giờ trưa – 12 giờ trưa
Chiều:
1 giờ chiều – 6 giờ chiều
Ban đêm (Night time):
Tối:
7 giờ tối – 9 giờ tối
Khuya (Midnight):
11 giờ khuya – 12 giờ khuya
Sáng sớm (Early morning – Before Sunrise):
1 giờ sáng – 5 giờ sáng
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Giờ/phút/giây:
1 giờ = 60 phút
(1 hour = 60 minutes)
Beside , Southern Vietnamese people also use ” tiếng” for hour.
For example:
-> In sentence: Từ Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh đi Đà Lạt đi bằng xe ô tô mất 6 TIẾNG 28 PHÚT
(From Ho Chi Minh city to Da Lat, it takes 6 HOUR 28 MINUTES by car)
1 phút = 60 giây
(1 minute = 60 seconds)
2. Đơn vị đo độ dài:
A unit of length refers to any arbitrarily chosen and accepted reference standard for measurement of length. The most common units in modern use are the metric units (mét), used in every country globally (except U.S, they use inches instead of meter)
Common unit of measurement for length:
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Kí- lô-mét (Kilometer): a unit of measurement equal to 1,000 meters. Used for distance from country to country, city to city,….
Beside Kí-lô- mét also can be called as “Cây (số)” for common and practical Vietnamese.
-> In sentence: Khoảng cách từ Hà Nội đến thành phố Hồ Chí Minh là 1,619 km (cây)
(The distance from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City is 1,619 km)
Note: For American students, we will have to convert from Kilomet (Km) to Miles
1 kilometer = 0.621371192 miles
Check this website for further conversions from Kilometer to Miles
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Mét (Meter/M): the SI base unit of length (equivalent to approximately 39.37 inches), first introduced as a unit of length in the metric system. Used for objects: table, curtain, wardrobe,…or short distance.
Example:
-> In sentence: Vì Covid nên mọi người phải giữ khoảng cách an toàn ít nhất 2 mét
(Due to Covid, everyone has to keep their safe distance for at least 2 meters)
Note: For American students, we will have to convert from Meter to Inch
1 meter = 39.3700787 inches
Check this website for further conversions from Meter to Inch
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Cen- ti- mét (Centimeter/Cm): The definition of a centimeter is one hundredth of a meter (. 3937 inches). An example of a centimeter is approximately the width of an adult’s smallest fingernail. … or being used for hair’s length.
Beside Cen-ti- mét also can be called as “Phân” for common and practical Vietnamese.
Example:
-> In sentence: Tôi muốn cắt 2 phân tóc
(I want to cut 2 centimeter of my hair)
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Đề-xi-mét (Decimeter/Dm): a unit of length equal to 1/10 (0.1) meter.
Beside Đề-xi- mét also can be called “Tấc” for common and practical Vietnamese.
Example:
-> In sentence: Chiếc giày màu đỏ này cao khoảng 1 tấc (10 phân)
(This red shoe is around 1 dm (10 cm))
3. Đơn vị đo diện tích:
In the International System of Units (SI), the standard unit of area is the square metre (written as m2), which is the area of a square whose sides are one metre long.
Common unit of measurement for area :
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Mét vuông (Square meter):The area equal to a square that is 1 meter on each side. Used for measuring areas of rooms, houses, blocks of land,….
Example:
-> In sentence: Căn phòng Hoa có diện tích khoảng 20 mét vuông.
(The Hoa’s room has an area of about 20 square meters)
Note: For American students, we will have to convert from Square meters to Square feet
1 square meter = 10.7639104 square feet
Check this website for further conversions from Square meter to Square feet
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Ký lô mét vuông (Square kilometer): The area equal to a square that is 1 kilometer on each side. Used for measuring large areas.
Example:
-> In sentence: Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh là thành phố lớn có diện tích 2 061 ký lô mét vuông
(Ho Chi Minh city is a big cty with an area of 2 061 square kilometers)
Note: For American students, we will have to convert from Square kilometers to Square miles
1 square kilometer = 0.386102159 square miles
4. Đơn vị đo thể tích:
A unit of volume is a unit of measurement for measuring volume or capacity, the extent of an object or space in three dimensions. Units of capacity may be used to specify the volume of fluids or bulk goods, for example water, rice, sugar, grain or flour.
5. Đơn vị đo trọng lượng:
The unit of measurement for weight is that of force, which in the International System of Units (SI) is the newton.
For example: an object with a mass of one kilogram has a weight of about 9.8 newtons on the surface of the Earth. However in reality, people usually use KÝ (kilogram)– ( in most of countries) and Pound (in the U.S).
Common unit of measurement for weight :
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Ký/ Cân (Kilogram) : being used for human weight and food at the market
Example:
-> In sentence: Cô ấy nặng bốn mươi lăm ký
(Her weight is 45 kilogram)
-> In sentence: Cho tôi một ký chuối và hai ký cà chua
(Give me 1 kg of banana and 2 kg of tomatoes)
Note: For American students, we will have to convert from Kilogram to Pound
1 kilogram = 2.20462262 pounds
Check this website for further conversions from Kilogram to Pound
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Beside KÝ (Kilogram), Vietnamese people use GAM/ LẠNG (Gram) occasionally for meat
-> In sentence: Chị Anne muốn mua 200 gam thịt bò
(Anne wants to buy 200 gram of beef)
6. Đơn vị đo nhiệt độ:
Thermodynamic temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy in molecules or atoms of a substance. There are three temperature scales in common use today: kelvin (K), centigrade or Celsius (C), and Fahrenheit (F).
Unlike the US, in Vietnam people use degrees C, instead of degrees Fahrenheit.
For your information:
1 degree Celsius = 33.8 degrees Fahrenheit
1 Độ C = 33,8 độ F
Check this website for further conversions from Celsius to Fahrenheit
-> In sentence: Vào buổi sáng ngày 01 tháng Tư, thời tiết ở thành phố Hồ Chí Minh có nhiều nắng, nhiệt độ là 34 độ C
( 01 April Morning , weather in Ho Chi Minh city was very sunny, the temperature was 34 Celsius)